Effects of Substituents on the Reactivity and Orientation of Electrophilic Aromatic Substitutions

    Resonance effects

    m-directingo- and p-directing
    Inductive

    effects

    ActivatingN/A

    Alkyl, -OH, -NH2, -O-R

    Deactivating

    -NO2, -CHO, -CO2, -SO3HHalides

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